01x03 - The Last Rebels

[bunniefuu]

For centuries, the Scottish
highlands

have been a law unto themselves,

beyond the rule of any king.

A world where ruthless clans
scheme...

You would throw us to the wolves,
for what? ..And slaughter.

They'll cut you into bits.

A violent struggle for dominance.

Issue powder and shot. Now!

The mightiest clan,
the Stuarts, won

and lost the thrones of Scotland
and england.

Four times, they've sought
the support of fellow clansmen to

return them to power.

And, four times, they've failed.

A generation after
the union of Scotland

and england, britain is calm.

Or is it?

Dig a little deeper.

Those ancient ties of loyalty to the
house of Stuart.

They haven't gone away.

We must make a stand in the
highlands.

Trust me.

Blood will be spilt.

1745.

George ii is king of a united
britain.

And house Hanover have
reigned for 30 years.

All that time, the Stuarts have
been exiles in Europe.

But now, a Stuart prince has
returned to Scotland,

intent on restoring his family to
the British throne,

by might of arms.

He's put the call out to the clans
to rise in rebellion for him.

But these days, that's a big ask.

The young pretender, some call him.

Others, Bonnie prince Charlie,

son of the rightful king.

It all depends whose side you're on.

But all this choosing sides isn't
just dividing clan from clan,

it's dividing families.

Like the mackintoshes.

This is Angus, chief of clan
mackintosh.

He's a captain in the British army.

He's on house Hanover's side,

and his regiment's been called up
to put down the rebellion.

But his wife, lady Anne,

she believes the Stuarts
are the rightful kings of britain.

She wants to see them restored.

Angus has argued to
Anne that supporting.

King George is in the best
interests of clan mackintosh.

The Stuarts have never
succeeded in reclaiming the throne.

Why risk otherwise?

So will Anne stay at home,
darning socks and making scones

until Angus safely returns?

No.

Whether her husband likes it or not,

Anne's about to get directly
involved in this uprising.

On the rebel side.

Because the prince's cause
is indeed gathering pace.

2,000 rebel clansmen have marched
out of the highlands.

They've taken control of Edinburgh
in the name of the Stuarts,

and annihilated a British army force
just outside the capital city

at prestonpans,
in a matter of minutes.

Most of the redcoats turned and ran
when the highlanders charged.

Only to be mercilessly pursued
and cut down.

The British defeat is total.

The jacobites are back...

With a vengeance.

Interesting word, jacobite.

It means supporter of James.

In this case, James Stuart.

Time and again, the Stuarts have
asked the highland clans to

rise in rebellion,
to return the Stuarts to power.

They've got nowhere.

But this time... this time,
they say, things will be different.

This time, the jacobites look
seriously dangerous.

After their victory, they invade
england. They capture Carlisle.

Three weeks later,
they are south of Lancaster.

And this time, the clans are led by

the exiled James Stuart's
charismatic son.

Bonnie prince Charlie.

Brought up in Italy, Charlie's been
told all his life

it's his destiny to win back
the British throne for his father.

He's 24 years old and blindingly
confident that his time is now.

The young prince believes he's
freeing

his father's people from tyranny.

And he's promised to end the union
between Scotland and england.

The prince is very much the heart
and driving force of this.

He's a virile figure at first.

You know, people talk about, "oh,
that poncey Italian prince",

"just kind of... who only knows
how to dance in his red high heels."

Yes, he does. But he's also
a virile military leader

in clan style.
He's the chief of chiefs, in a way.

So the clans make jacobitism
militarily realistic.

If you have the support of clan
chiefs, you can produce really quite

large numbers of men quite quickly.

Hundreds and, in some cases,
thousands in a matter of days.

That is unique within the British
and Irish isles and that's

what makes clans dangerous,
as far as the British are concerned.

The prince has secured
the services of some of the best

and bravest shock
troops in the world.

Camerons, macdonalds, MacGregors
and for now,

momentum seems unstoppable.

This lot pose a serious

and immediate threat to britain's
king, George ii, but they need help.

They need the English jacobites
to rise up.

They need the French to deliver
the troops they've promised.

If they get either, or both,
the Stuarts could be

back on the British
throne in time for Christmas.

The French are at w*r with britain.

They want a northern front opened,
and wait to see how far Charlie's

bid for the throne will
get before wading in.

Also waiting
are the English jacobites.

But right now, London is in a panic.

Convinced that a barbarous highland
horde is about to descend on them.

A new hymn,
god save the king, has just been

published in a London magazine
and a special verse added urging

British generals to, "like a torrent
rush, rebellious Scots to crush."

"God save the king."

Many in London think it's
all of Scotland, all highlanders,

up in arms against them.

But in truth, a significant
number of clans support king George,

and the idea of the united britain.

Well, the union is established now.
It's a whole generation old.

There are people
who are ruling clans

and families who were born,
and grown up with the union.

They have never known
an independent Scotland.

And I think that makes a difference.

So they're going to be
ambivalent about rising.

Inverness. Capital of the highlands.

Here, men from a whole range
of clans are being recruited to

fight for king George.

Macleods, grants, rosses
and mackays.

Hold on. Look, hold, lock. Keep
it in there.

Don't want no-one to grab it,
understood? Aye?

One of this company of mixed
clansmen's officers is.

Lady Anne's husband, Angus,
chief of the mackintoshes.

There commander is general John
Campbell.

A fellow scot who's convinced
many a clan chief that the.

Jacobite cause is reckless,

and past its sell-by date in this
new era of a stable, Great Britain.

John Campbell's earned himself a
reputation as a fair

and courteous negotiator
amongst the islanders.

Someone who understands the delicate
nuances of clan politics.

But these are tense times.

What with the jacobites having
actually invaded england.

Campbell frets that clans who have
so far stayed neutral in this

rebellion could now easily
rise for the Stuarts.

And there's one clan chief that
Campbell trusts to stay loyal

to king George about as far
as he can throw him.

Meet Simon Fraser of lovat.
Chief of clan Fraser.

Simon's territories are vast,

stretching from inverness all the
way down the length of Loch Ness.

He can raise 1,000 men
at the drop of a hat.

Simon is old and gout-ridden
but his wits are razor-sharp.

Both friends and enemies call him
the old fox.

Simon has declared unswerving
loyalty to king George,

but there's a reason why
they call him the old fox.

He'll do anything to
further his own interests.

He can be vicious.

Simon Fraser of lovat is one of the
great old highland chiefs.

He is also the saviour
and the scourge of clan Fraser.

That's what he is.

Simon Fraser attained the position
of chief of the name of Fraser

effectively by marrying
the widow of the former chief.

"Marrying" is a very loose
way of putting it.

He had initially to pay her a sum of
money,

I think it amounted to 12,000
crowns, but he decided

to short-circuit this by raping her,

while pipers played outside
the room, to drown her cries.

Given Simon's reputation
for ruthlessness, general Campbell

comes a-calling on the chief
of the frasers to confront him...

To make sure he's still declaring
allegiance to king George

and isn't thinking of jumping
on the jacobite bandwagon.

1,000 Fraser clansmen rising for the
Stuarts on Campbell's patch

is the last thing he needs.

The old fox tells Campbell what he
wants to hear, sort of.

Forgive me, general, if I do not
rise,

for I suffer pains and I'm not
so nimble.

The young pretender is a mad
unaccountable gentleman

and his enterprise is doomed
to failure.

I could bring you 1,200 men to the
king's service,

if I can get arms
and accoutrements for them.

If you would order 1,000 stand
of arms and deliver them to me,

then you should see how
I would exert myself for the king.

Can I be certain of which king you
mean, your lordship?

Why, sir, there's only one king.

Well, that wee
chat sums up the old fox perfectly.

He's actually got the brass neck
to ask Campbell to

arm his clansmen, without explicitly
declaring which king he'll serve.

Will it be James or will it
be George?

The truth is, he's waiting, waiting
to see which way the wind blows.

Simon's seen rebellion
for the Stuarts

come to nothing in the past.

This one has legs, though.

If Simon backs the prince,

and the jacobites succeed, rewards
would come his way.

A dukedom, a fat pension.

Whatever side he's on,

w*r will come to his doorstep.

Bloodshed is inevitable.

As lovat says, "a civil w*r in our
burghs"

"is the thing devoutly to be
feared."

They have no illusions about what
civil conflict can do once...

Once it becomes unleashed.

While Simon Fraser swithers,

others are taking more
decisive action.

The moment her man Angus joined
up with his redcoat

regiment in inverness, lady Anne
donned the blue bonnet of the.

Jacobites, and rode out to raise
the mackintoshes for prince Charlie.

Her husband might be for king George

but Anne was born into a staunchly
jacobite clan, the farquharsons.

Rebellion's in her blood.

A stronger urge, it seems,
then playing the stay-at-home wife.

There are those who'll tell you
that before she was married,

lady Anne had no
shortage of gentlemen callers.

Now, they say, she uses every
ounce of that feminine charm to

bring clansmen to the jacobite side.

But it's not just charm
she uses. In her husband's absence,

Anne is empowered with the clan
chief's authority.

And she earns a reputation
for persuading reluctant clansmen

out to fight at the point
of a p*stol.

There is a real dark side to Anne.

She's not all petticoats
and ponies.

She is a recruiting
sergeant for the jacobite cause,

and she is not the only one.

There are a significant number

of women that support the jacobites
in 1745.

One report in London suggests

there are as many as 150 women
in arms early on in the rising.

Which is quite a striking number
and, I mean, why would they?

I suppose the answer is that they're
educated,

they're involved, they're engaged.

They have political beliefs
that they think can be realised,

by supporting the jacobites.

Women in the 18th century certainly
had much

more freedom than their counterparts
a century later would have.

They did have the ability to run
the estates of their husbands

when their husbands were away or,
if they were widows.

So they did have a lot of power
in the 18th century, so they could

make the decision that they did want
to support the jacobites.

And if you're a jacobite, then
you are capable of making your own

mind up about whether you should
raise your clan or not.

And you're capable of raising it.

Because, if you've been managing
your clan,

they're going to respect you and
your authority.

Whether by charm or threat,

lady Anne raises a force of around
500 men, not just mackintoshes

but macgillivrays, macbeans and
others whom her clan is allied to.

Although she's earned the nickname
colonel Anne for raising

men for the jacobites,
she won't be leading the clan.

That would be breaking gender
convention a wee bit too much.

The honour goes to
Alexander macgillivray,

chieftain of a clan
allied to the mackintoshes.

And, it said,
a former sweetheart of lady Anne's.

If you believe the rumours,
young Alexander

saw a good deal of
Anne in the days before she married.

All very romantic, eh?

But, as Anne sends the men of her
husband's clan south to join

up with the prince, does she wonder
how many will make it back home?

If Angus mackintosh has anything to
say about the activities

of his rebellious wife,
then he is keeping schtum for now.

But maybe he's known
all along what she'd do.

Maybe Angus and Anne are playing
a double game together.

Remember that farewell
chat between them

before Angus went off to join
the redcoats?

And Anne told him
she'd pray for his safe return?

Well, it could be
she also said something like this.

Let's say Charles and the jacobites
take the day, the new king,

James, will know mackintosh clansman
fought and died for his cause.

Or, if George wins,

the king knows that the mackintosh
chief remained loyal.

It's a game.
It's called hedging your bets.

Charles Stuart and his jacobite
army have crossed the river mersey.

They've come through Manchester,
and are now as far south as derby.

They're only five days' march
away from London.

The impossible seems to be
happening.

The Stuarts may indeed be restored.

News reaches Simon
of the shortening odds.

Finally, he rolls the dice,
and unleashes his dogs of w*r.

He commits 700 men of his clan,
orders them

to march on england to join
the prince.

He knows the mackintoshes
are marching for the jacobites, too.

But that their chief, Angus,
is with the government forces.

An artful insurance, that.

Simon must also fashion himself
a get-out clause...

In case the rebellion fails.

Now, that is the dilemma facing
all jacobite chiefs.

It's interesting that one
of his major concerns is to ensure

that his tanist, his heir,
young Simon Fraser of lovat,

is seen to publicly commit to the
revolt.

Simon is too old and too infirm to
lead his clan into battle.

Instead he passes their command
to his 19-year-old son and heir.

The boy's barely through the gate

before Simon's writing to the
government.

"It's not my fault,
it's my disobedient

"and irresponsible son"

"that led the troops out on the
jacobite side."

Blame the boy.

It's cold, it's ruthless.

Simon is a fox to the core.

But the old fox's ruthless
cunning fails him.

Campbell's not fooled by Simon's
cover story.

Delicate diplomacy be damned.

He orders Simon's arrest.

Although Campbell's not going to
totally outwit the old fox, not yet.

He might be old and lame, but Simon
makes a break for it.

No denying, he's a rebel now.

He has a secret safe house
in the hills above Loch Ness,

somewhere to stay hidden until.

Prince Charles has the
crown in hand.

If only Simon had waited a few more
days.

The news from the south
is not good.

It's said the clan
chiefs are beginning to doubt that

Charles can really pull this off.

Maybe, for once, the old
fox has called it wrong.

Even though the prince
and his army have reached derby,

just 120 miles from London, few
English jacobites have joined him.

Now, at least two large British
armies are manoeuvring

towards the rebels.

Outnumbered and isolated,

the jacobites are in danger of being
trapped.

They've probably

received at the maximum 300,
maybe 400 men in total from england.

They were expecting thousands to
join them.

All these strong armies that were
starting

to concentrate around the jacobite

army's position, they were feeling
increasingly vulnerable.

And to all of the clan leaders,
except for the prince himself,

there was a real sense that we
needed to get out of this

trap that we were going to keep
this cause alive.

They had a council of w*r in derby,

and they had two arguments,
basically.

"Go now, take London, strike while
the iron is hot."

They were so close.

The other option was to retreat,
go back

and consolidate Scotland.

Personally, I think they're damned
if they do,

and they're damned if they don't,
so they should just get on with it.

Have a go. You don't know.

I mean, against the odds they've had
a go, and look where they've got.

I think the crucial bit of missing
information was Charles and

his counsel did not know that France
had committed to an invasion force.

But only on the proviso that the
revolt was moving forward.

The clan chiefs who'd marched south
with Charlie hold a vote.

They're a long way from home,

they're discouraged by the lack
of English support,

and they don't know that the French
are just about to send an army.

By a majority of just one, they vote
for a tactical withdrawal,

all the way back to Scotland.

It might look like an embarrassing
failure, but it's not over yet.

The jacobite retreat out of england
is swift and disciplined.

Charles celebrates his 25th
birthday in Glasgow.

But the merchant city is
loyal to the government

and the jacobites head for stirling.

Where, at last, there is
some good news.

Charles is told that the French
have landed troops

and a*tillery
on Scotland's east coast.

It's just a few hundred men

but it's an encouraging sign that
France might still come good.

At stirling,
the prince's army is further

bolstered by the arrival
of lady Anne's mackintosh clansmen,

led, of course, by her one-time
sweetheart, Alexander.

The frasers have joined, too.

The jacobites are now stronger
than ever in Scotland.

But a British army, with cavalry
and Cannon,

marches on their position,

confident that they'll crush
the rebel horde.

The British general called
the jacobites "arrant scum",

and predicted they would never
stand in the face of a regular army.

And so, around four o'clock
in the afternoon of 17 January 1746,

in fields just south of falkirk,

the British attack.

Charles Stuart's army marches out
to meet the British,

but far from being "arrant scum",

the clansmen are about to
demonstrate

how dangerous it is to underestimate
them.

You need to take

a deeper look at what happens
at falkirk because it tells us

something interesting about
the military effectiveness

of the jacobite army.

The British army sends its cavalry
forwards, and send them

up onto the hill trying to deny
the clansmen the chance to

get into a strong position.

They expect to be able to
charge down these poorly equipped.

Highland soldiers but instead,
the highlanders, with

extraordinary discipline, hold their
fire until the very last moment.

Imagine those horses
coming down in front of them.

The jacobites opened fire,
the horses are driven back.

They get chopped to
pieces by the macdonalds.

They turn and then charge straight
through their own advancing

infantry, thus doing the jacobites'
job for them, to a certain extent.

And then the whole lot panic,
break and run.

It's another jacobite victory,
but not a decisive one.

Many of the clansmen preferring to
loot British supplies,

rather than butcher British troops,

the vast majority of whom escape,

humiliated but intact.

Within days of the battle,

hundreds of the highlanders
are heading back to their own

territory, to stash their loot
and check in on their families.

They'll likely come back, but not
in time for what's coming next.

Only three weeks after falkirk,

the British have reinforcements.

This time, led by none other than
prince Charles's cousin.

Son of king George ii,
William, the Duke of cumberland.

That's right, cumberland is
Charles Edward Stuart's cousin.

Incestuous lot, these royals.

Cumberland, aged 24, just four
months younger than his cousin,

advances towards the jacobites with
a reinforced British army.

Not to be outdone
by his charismatic cousin,

he, too, marches on foot
at the head of his men.

Charles is keen to fight, but his
clan chiefs point out that

a third of the army has gone
awol with their loot.

They advise a swift retreat
further north.

And that, of course,
produces problems of demoralisation,

loss of manpower and increasingly,
the problem of, "how do you"

"keep the 8,000-strong army fed
and clothed in a part of the country"

"in the winter, which it's difficult
to sustain at the best of times?"

And with the rebels now moving
further away from england,

the London press stop panicking

and go full pelt with
the anti-jacobite propaganda.

A big target for the mainstream
media are the women who back

the rebellion.

The jacobite women
become a tool of political satire.

Misogynist satire.

By bringing
women like lady Anne mackintosh

to the fore, they're ensuring
that the British population

generally see this not just
as a constitutional, and possibly

even religious conflict, but as
something deeper and more alien.

In a way, it's about ensuring
that it's seen as truly unnatural

and even to an extent barbaric.

They've absorbed
the wildness, savagery,

cruelty and political participation
which should be the preserve of men.

And therefore,
they violated gender norms.

So women are portrayed as,
sort of, masculine

in order to show that they

are, sort of, unnatural.

They are different and it's all part
of the kind of

campaign to show why the British are
sort of justified in acting quite

viciously against the jacobites, as
they pursue them on their retreat.

So they will burn houses, they will
k*ll those that they encounter.

Anne mackintosh was described as
manly, a six-foot amazonian.

They say she led her own men at the
battle of falkirk.

In fact, she was involved in other
important jacobite business.

Namely, sewing white c*ck, a
great symbol of the Stuart dynasty.

But for the Stuarts, Anne
mackintosh herself is also a symbol.

Part of the jacobite propaganda.

Representing loyalty,
courage, purity.

As prince Charlie retreats north,
and nears inverness, he's keen to

meet this famous colonel Anne, who's
been so faithful to his cause.

The young prince
and his entourage rock up here,

lady Anne mackintosh's house,
moy hall.

She's put on her best frock
and laid out the good China.

For Charlie, I'm sure,
it's all an elegant

distraction from the grim reality
of how badly things are going.

This is the first time
Anne's met her prince.

The man she's been brought up to
believe was born to be king.

And if Charlie is
downhearted about the backward

course of the rebellion, he's not
letting on in Anne's company.

He's charm personified and putting
a positive spin on things.

He's even speaking French.

Doubtless, he'll be inviting her to

the royal palace of st James in
London next.

Just as soon as he's won
the crown for his father.

The c*ck of youth, eh?

There's 600 miles and tens of
thousands of redcoats

between Charlie and any London
palace, but never mind that.

The French flirting is about to be
most cruelly interrupted.

Inverness, eight miles up
the road from lady Anne's place.

Word's got out that Charles Stuart
is near. And unprotected.

General Campbell musters his

loyalist clan troops for a dawn
raid.

Their goal?

Capture the rebel prince.

Company, ordinary time.

Forward! March!

But as Campbell and his troops
march out of inverness,

they're being watched.

The town might be occupied
by redcoats, but there's still

sympathy for the rebel cause
and loyalty to lady Anne.

A young mackintosh lad,
15-year-old Lachlan, is sent

to run ahead of Campbell's company
to warn the prince

and Anne of the approaching troops.

They're only minutes behind him.

Roused from her bed,
Anne has no time to think.

The prince must be got
out of the house with all haste,

and taken into hiding.

Charles dithers, insisting on being
properly dressed and wigged.

One can't be facing
the prospect of capture

if one isn't looking one's best,
can one?

And with Campbell's troops now
moments away,

the prince's capture is looking
increasingly likely.

If Charles is taken
by the redcoats, then what?

Will he be imprisoned,
ex*cuted? Certainly,

the rebellion would be over.

Time must be bought. A diversion
made. And colonel Anne has a plan.

To create her own jacobite army
from her servants and young Lachlan,

and send them
out to ambush the redcoats.

How did three servants

and a boy take on an entire company
of loyalist highlanders?

Well, there's one way. Bluff.

As Campbell and his men march
boldly up the road towards.

Lady Anne's house, they suddenly see
movement up ahead.

Halt!

Shapes in the dawn light.

Is Campbell's intelligence wrong?

Is the jacobite army closer than
he thinks? Is this an ambush?

The single volley that.

Anne's wee regiment fires spooks the
hell out of the red-coated clansmen.

It kills their Piper of clan
maccrimmon,

the best at his art, they say.

Convinced his attackers are a
whole horde of jacobites,

Campbell is forced to retreat,

all the way back up the road
to inverness.

Tail between his legs.

He'll later discover exactly how
he came to be fooled,

but his humiliation isn't over yet
and Charles, he's safe.

He's escaped. The plan worked.

And colonel Anne, the beautiful
rebel, she's earned herself another

nickname in jacobite circles
tonight.

The heroine.

Two days after the rout of
Campbell's troops at moy,

the bulk of the jacobite army
advances on inverness.

A headcount of the loyalist highland
companies reveals more than 200

of Campbell's men had deserted after
being routed by lady Anne's ambush.

The general evacuates, quick smart.

With the jacobite host preparing
a full-on as*ault, Campbell

ferries what men he has left
across the beauly firth,

the cromarty firth

and then the dornoch firth,

putting three bodies
of water between him and the rebels.

Inverness is completely undefended.

Charlie marches in
and takes possession.

The jacobites hold inverness,

and the situation is pretty
good considering the downward

slope they've been traversing
since derby.

This is why inverness

becomes so important to the jacobite
cause at this point of w*r,

because it's their last
large settlement

where they can collect supplies,

and it's also the last port to
connect to supplies from overseas.

A priority is to catch up and deal
with Campbell and his troops.

They could be a nasty Thorn in the
jacobites' side

if they're left alone.

Charlie sends several hundred of his
clansmen after them.

The MacGregors and the macdonalds,

both jacobites, are hunting down the
macleods and the

Campbells, both loyalists.

The Scottish clans are fighting a
very British civil w*r,

and the people of the highlands are
brutally divided.

Fire!

A series of skirmishes sees many
of general Campbell's red-coated

highlanders
cut down by their fellow clansmen.

The general escapes north but what
military threat he posed to the.

Jacobites is neutered,

and one notable redcoat officer
surrenders himself.

None other than captain Angus
mackintosh, lady Anne's husband.

When Angus's surrender is
reported to Charlie he,

with a wry nod of thanks
to his jacobite heroine,

orders the mackintosh chief be
handed over as prisoner into Anne's

custody, on condition he stays
out of the conflict from now on.

Do a prince a favour,

and he's honour-bound to pay you
back, it seems.

Your servant, captain.
Your servant, colonel.

So far, Anne and Angus's double
game is working.

But just as it looks like there's a
resurgence in the jacobite campaign,

the rebel army's unsustainability
starts to bite hard.

In the weeks that Charlie's been
trying to keep things

together in inverness, his w*r
chest has been seriously depleted.

He's broke.

He can't even feed his forces, let
alone pay them.

A vital lifeline nearly comes
the jacobites' way.

Another French ship lands
on Scotland's north-west coast.

It's loaded with
gold for the prince.

But this is mackay country, a clan
general Campbell wooed

over to the side of the government.

The mackays swipe the cash.

And it never reaches the jacobites.

It's a fatal blow.

And now
cumberland approaches with

thousands of battle-hardened troops.

Charlie's starving jacobite army has
run out of options.

There's nothing to do but stand
and fight. Cousin will fight cousin.

The future of the jacobites,
the future of britain will be

decided on an unremarkable
stretch of highland moor.

So, culloden is primarily chosen
because it blocks inverness,

and Charles Edward Stuart is
determined not to leave

the path open for the British to
march past them and take inverness.

Prince Charles is now facing his
most formidable foe yet.

The Duke of cumberland is
extremely experienced.

He's got a large army, cavalry,
infantry, a*tillery.

A very substantial a*tillery train,
which is

something that they have not yet had
to face on a b*ttlefield.

So, the jacobites have about four
and a half thousand troops,

compared to the British army who

have about 7,000 troops, so
they're significantly outnumbered.

They're also outgunned. Charles is
determined that he will fight.

He thinks it's now or never.

In the centre of the jacobite
ranks at culloden

are the mackintoshes,

led by Alexander macgillivray.

Did lady Anne come to watch her clan
regiment

and former Beau go into battle?

Moy hall is only a short ride away.

It's the jacobites who start
the battle through Cannon shot.

But the government can sh**t
much more rapidly.

They can reload their Cannon and
they also have more cannons.

The clansmen are forced to stand
there

in the open moor, in the sleet,

enduring the bombardment of
the British army's a*tillery.

Having to stand there and endure
that cannonade

made the highlanders
desperate to launch their charge.

They yell

one soldier in cumberland's
ranks will later

write of the highland charge
that,

"they came at us like hungry
wolves."

Cumberland has been preparing for
them. He's got this rotating fire.

They are firing, drop to your knees.

Next man, fire, drop to your knees.
First lot up.

Fire, drop to your knees.

So it's a continuous barrage of
fire.

This huge highland charge hits
the government forces with so much

momentum that it does in fact breach
the front line of cumberland's army.

Breaking through, despite the hail
of musket shot and grapeshot.

But once they've broken through
that front line,

they find another line of British
soldiers behind them.

The result is probably a three or
four-minute phase of crossfire

which probably k*lled 700 men
in a matter of minutes.

Once that happens, there is
never going to be

a breakthrough to the second line,

and the jacobite rank begins to
retreat.

Those highlanders that are still
able to flee leave hundreds of dead

and dying clansmen behind.

Among them is the former Beau of
lady Anne, Alexander macgillivray.

500 metres away,
Charles Stuart is in shock.

For the first time,
he's seen his clan army defeated.

It's the first time the highland
charge has failed.

And now the bleeding
and bewildered run past him,

desperate to get
away from the government dragoons.

Charlie is led off the field.

Some say he had to be held back
from making his own suicidal charge.

Others remember the call from his
own side,

"run, you cowardly Italian."

Like I said,
depends whose side you're on,

and who's telling the story.

One thing's for sure.

William, Duke of cumberland has won
the clash of the cousins.

And what he does next, to ensure
that the rebel clans can never rise

again, will earn him a new name.

Butcher.

After the battle, there's just very
specifically no quarter to be given.

So anyone who is found on the field
is to be k*lled.

Technically, the jacobites are
seen by the government as rebels.

They are subjects of the crown
carrying arms against their monarch.

By all rules of law and government,
most European monarchs would be

happy to see and would condone
immediate military execution.

In that sense, the British army is
acting like

most other European armies.

Where things start to become a bit
darker is in the days afterwards.

One of the things about culloden
is it isn't just...

It's a short battle

but it is also a very, very long one
because it becomes a small

area which is the epicentre
of a vast expl*si*n of violence,

which carries on for many months
after that day on 16 April.

Less than two hours after
the defeat of the jacobite army

at culloden, Charles has been
rushed past inverness,

heading for a safe house
on the south shore of Loch Ness.

I serve thee with mine own hand,
sire.

It's the house that Simon Fraser has
been hiding in

for the last three months.

Moments ago, he was brought
news of the defeat at culloden.

He knows many of his clan
have been cut down,

but that his 19-year-old son
still lives.

This is the first
and only time the old fox

and prince Charles will meet.

Fraser knows that he has
placed his bet on the wrong team,

that cumberland's army will soon be
knocking on his door, or knocking

it down, but the old fox still
has one last play.

You see,
the longer fighting continues,

the better are his chances
of survival.

Remember your ancestor,
Robert the Bruce?

He lost many battles before coming
back to win your kingdom.

Your highness must think
upon his cause,

and the people committed
to die for it,

and you, who have nowhere to run.

We must scheme without emotion.

We must make a stand in the
highlands.

Cynical as ever, Fraser is looking
out for his clan, and for himself.

"Keep fighting," he says,
"with whatever remains

"of the jacobite army."

"Bring the government to the
negotiating table."

That way, maybe,
he escapes the gallows.

But Charlie can't see it.

His nerve's gone, he wants out of
it.

Soon he'll be off on the run,
looking for French ship

to take him back to the
safety of mainland Europe.

Charles is preparing to issue
the fateful order,

"every man for himself." Fair
enough.

He's not thinking about the women,
though. They've nowhere to run.

In the aftermath of culloden,

women were particularly vulnerable
to redcoat troops who'd

been given a free hand to plunder,
r*pe and execute with impunity.

And cumberland orders the arrest
of the bloody rebel,

colonel Anne mackintosh.

Having raided and Anne's house

and put her under arrest,

redcoats
now march her to inverness,

playing the dead beat on the drum,
the call to execution.

The route takes Anne past
the b*ttlefield of culloden, where

the bodies of the clansmen
she recruited still lie.

Including her former love,
Alexander macgillivray.

When Anne arrives in inverness, one
British officer suggests

they might fashion
a mahogany gallows,

and string her up with a silken
cord, but cumberland doesn't

have the stomach for hanging such
a distinguished lady.

For want of anything else to do with
her,

they stick her in a prison cell.

But in this kind of w*r, a prison
cell can be

as deadly as any gallows.

There's maltreatment,
and k*lling of prisoners,

and rumours start to fly around
inverness very quickly that

a number of prisoners have been
burnt in a barn.

That's going beyond what you would
expect.

As cumberland says,

looking around him, "I think"

"this vile spot will always be a
threat"

"to my family and my country."

And the orders he issues to,

"pursue the vermin through their
lurking hills,"

that has always bothered me,
that phrase.

Because what do we do with vermin?
We only eradicate vermin.

Cumberland is just very brutal,
very hellbent on making

sure that this sort of thing
doesn't happen again.

It's been called
state-sponsored genocide

and it probably was.

It's Scottish officers serving in
cumberland's army

who carry out his brutal
policies more zealously than most.

An exception is general John
Campbell.

His strategy is to negotiate
surrender, where possible.

Although he can do
little for his old adversary,

Simon, chief of the frasers.

Close to inverness,

clan Fraser is one of the first to
feel the wrath of the redcoats.

The great castle is
razed to the ground,

the livestock
and possessions confiscated.

The clansmen left destitute
and the clan chief, Simon Fraser,

the old fox, is finally hunted down.

Fraser is taken to the tower
of London, found guilty of high

treason and, befitting his status
of lord, is to be beheaded.

He meets his end with style.

If you should strike my shoulder
instead of my neck,

and I am able to rise after,

I shall be very angry.

Bird caws

And lady Anne mackintosh,

she spends several weeks imprisoned.

But politically,
it's awkward keeping her locked up.

Her husband is a chief loyal to
king George, after all.

Anne's quietly pardoned
and reunited with Angus.

Their cunning double game paid off.

They get to keep their heads.

And Anne keeps her rebellious
streak, too.

Years later, at a ball in London,

Anne was reintroduced to the
Duke of cumberland.

He humbly asked her to dance
and she agreed,

so long as she could pick the music.

She chose a jacobite tune,
auld Stuart's back again.

He whistles

Colonel Anne,
a beautiful rebel to the last.

But the Stuarts never would
come back again.

After the bloody end at culloden
of his extraordinary attempt to

regain the crown of his ancestors,
one that came so close to

succeeding, Bonnie prince Charlie
disappeared into the highlands.

Thousands of redcoats hunted for
him, but he was never found.

For five months he evaded capture,
before escaping by ship back

to Europe.

He would never return to Scotland.

As for the clans he left behind,
well, many of them

would seek exile too.

But this time
in the new world of the Americas.

There, they would rise again,
fighting to make or break a regime.

But that's another story...