Narrator: champagne toasts
are common at weddings,
Birthdays, and many other
special occasions,
But if the cork
isn't secured properly,
It can pop off
at the wrong moment.
So champagne manufacturers
have developed hoods and foils
To keep the bottles
closed until the right moment.
The foil covering
that protects the cork is part
Of the iconic champagne look.
Unwrapping it is like opening
a special present.
Underneath the foil
is a wire hood and disk
That keeps everything in place.
The flat disks
begin as thin sheets of steel.
A suctioning device
transfers the sheets
To a printing machine.
The machine slices the sheets
into strips.
Then, the suctioning device
moves the strips
To the next step
in the production line.
It positions the strips
on a machine
That quickly punches out
the round disk components.
The wire hoods are made
out of galvanized steel.
A series of large bobbins
feed the steel
Into a multiphase machine.
The wire is coated
with colored lacquer
For increased protection
and aesthetic appeal.
On a rotating carousel,
The machine twists two
horizontal strands of wire.
It leaves enough room
for a vertical loop
Between each set of twists.
Next, the device
twists the vertical loop.
A blade cuts the wire in
between each newly formed cross.
Then, a mechanism
removes the crosses
And transfers them
to the next stage of production.
A machine shapes the bottom
of the crosses in three steps.
First, it pinches the wire
Together
at the four extremities.
Then, it forms a bend.
And finally, it folds them over
to create a hook.
A device folds the feet up
And hooks them onto a wire
circle called a belt.
The wire structures
are ready for the disk insert.
A press forces the disks
into a die
To create rounded caps.
Finally, the machine
inserts the newly formed caps
Into the wire structure.
The champagne wire hoods
Are now complete and ready
for their bottles.
It takes 15 steps
to build a wire hood.
Incredibly,
The machine can build each hood
in under 2 seconds.
The wire hood holds the cork
in place,
But the polylaminate foil
wrapper
Protects it from the elements.
This specially made foil
is composed of polythene film
Sandwiched between two sheets
of aluminum.
A high-speed cutter
trims the edges.
Then, the polylaminate
rolls through a bath of varnish.
The polythene film
is made out of granules.
They dye the polylaminate gold
Using
a high-speed printing process.
The polylaminate foil is coated
with specially formulated ink
That dries instantly
under ultraviolet light.
The foil transfers
to a perforation machine.
This allows customers to easily
unwrap the champagne bottle.
A hot stamping machine
Adds decorative elements
and the brand name to the foil.
Another device adds a strip
of glue to one edge.
A machine cuts the foil,
Then a device equipped
with cylindrical rods,
Called mandrels,
wraps the foil into cones.
The glue strip
holds the cone together.
A machine places a disk
on top of the cones.
They crimp the ends
to increase the cone's rigidity.
Then, a vacuum
sucks the completed cones
Off the mandrels.
No bottle of bubbly is complete
without a hood and foil.
This factory quickly
produces both in any style
Or color the winery requests.
The factory's speed
and versatility allows them
To produce wire hoods and foils
for 50% of the sparkling wines
Made in france.
Narrator: pneumatic tubes
Were originally used to transfer
money and sensitive documents.
Today, these systems
have a different purpose.
Hospitals use them to quickly
transport blood samples
To their labs.
For patients
who need a quick diagnosis,
These pipelines are a lifeline.
Many hospitals have a series
Of pneumatic pipes
running behind their walls.
Health care workers
seal medical samples in capsules
And put them in the system.
These pipelines
can be several miles long.
A computer allows users to
monitor the capsule's movement.
Compressed air instantly pushes
the capsules through the tubing.
They arrive at the lab
in seconds.
The building process starts
with the send-and-receive unit.
A worker glues tubes to a plate.
Both are made of plastic
to reduce static.
He slides the tubes
through holes in the top
Of the unit's metal housing.
He places more tubing
inside the housing,
Then installs the track.
The tubing slides back and forth
on the track to shift
Between send and receive mode.
He screws a bracket to the box.
It contains a motor
for the sliding mechanism.
Then, he places the unit
in an upright position.
He connects the motor
to a power source to test it.
He confirms that the motor
moves the plastic chutes
Back and forth smoothly.
The worker connects an air
source to the system
To verify that the seals
and vents work properly.
At the next station,
A technician
removes the temporary door.
Then, he wires the motor
to the electrical power source.
He bundles the wires
and trims the plastic ties.
He screws the computerized
control panel to the door.
Then, he reattaches the door.
The technician wires
the control panel
And verifies that it works.
Then, he connects the computer
In the send-and-receive unit
to one in a diverter unit.
He confirms that the two
computers communicate.
Each pneumatic delivery system
has several diverters.
They allow the medical capsules
to turn a corner
Or change direction to reach
their final destination.
He installs a gear and motor.
Then, he tests the movement
of the pipe
From one outlet to the next.
If everything works properly,
he screws the back panel on.
Then, they connect the diverter
and other transfer units
To tubing in the walls
of the hospital.
Next,
they make the delivery capsules.
A worker places the plastic body
in a machine.
He activates it,
And the machine spins a cap
onto the body.
The spinning also generates
heat, which fuses the two parts.
He slides the capsule
onto a post to keep it in place.
Then, he hooks one end
of a spring to the lid framework
And the other end
to the sliding lid.
He screws the sliding lid
to the framework.
Now, the lid
easily snaps open and shut.
He places a rubber casing
onto the end
And stretches a rubber gasket
around the rim.
He wraps fabric bands
around both ends.
This helps buffer the capsule
during the journey
Through the pipeline.
He tucks the bands into the rims
using a screwdriver.
He installs plastic bumpers
inside.
They help cushion any blows
to the capsule
And its contents during the ride
through the pipeline.
This capsule is now ready
for a test run.
The technician inserts it in
the sh**t and programs the path.
He opens the door
to monitor its progress.
The tubes slide
over to collect the capsule
And then slide back to drop it
into the main pipeline.
Compressed air blows it
through the system.
It zips through the pipes
And arrives safely
at its final destination.
Narrator: in the 1880s,
Italians developed special
machines to make espresso.
As the name implies,
This coffee drink
can be produced in seconds.
Soon, the appeal of this quick
brew expanded beyond italy,
And today, espresso
is enjoyed all over the world.
Making good espresso is as much
a science as it is an art.
Professional machines balance
temperature and steam pressure
To produce espresso
with kick and crema.
Professional espresso machines
Are made
of high-carbon steel sheets.
Computer programmed tools
carve different shapes
Out of the steel.
These parts
will be the framework
For the espresso machine.
The tools also cut holes
for screws, bolts,
And components like
the steam tap.
An employee places a freshly cut
control panel
Into a hydraulic press machine.
The press bends the panel
to the correct shape
And creates tabs for assembly.
This is the panel
before and after bending.
After bending the other panels,
they assemble the framework.
The worker attaches a receptacle
to capture excess water.
He installs meters
to control the flow of water.
They release different amounts
for long or short espressos.
He turns the base right side
Up and screws the side framework
to it.
He attaches the front panel
to the sides.
The espresso machine's framework
is now in place.
Next, they make the group heads.
These parts will sh**t hot,
pressurized water
Through the packed ground
coffee.
The worker installs valves
That will regulate
the water flow.
The valves
allows release built-up pressure
So that the filter holders
can be removed after brewing.
The group heads fit into slots
in the front of the framework.
He secures them with nuts
at the back.
He places a large
copper-and-brass boiler
In the espresso machine chassis
and connects the water lines.
The tank will generate steam
to froth milk for cappuccinos.
It will also supply hot water
for tea.
Heat exchangers
Run through the boiler to supply
the hot water for brewing.
He connects copper pipes
To the heat exchanger outlets
on the boiler.
Then, he links them
to the group heads.
The pipes have been pre-bent
In order to easily fit
into the group heads.
He tightens the fitting
for the hot water tap.
Next, he installs the pump
that pressurizes the water.
He screws it to one side
of the framework.
A worker then wires
the electronics
To the front of the machine.
The employee fits the control
panel to the front framework.
He slips rubber molding
around the protruding seam.
Then, he screws knobs
onto the levers.
He tucks a heating coil into
the upper part of the machine.
The top of the machine
works as a cup warmer.
The espresso stays hot longer
when served in heated cups.
A worker then encases the steel
espresso machine
In polycarbonate molded panels.
The plastic parts
are slightly rounded to make
The espresso machine
look less boxy.
He seats a steel drip tray
under the group heads.
And he places the cup tray
over the heating element.
The espresso machine is ready
for the filter basket holders.
They're equipped with winglets
that hook into the group heads.
The worker tests the espresso
machine to confirm
That there are no leaks
in the hydraulic circuitry.
The machine appears to be
in good, working order.
Now, it's time
for a coffee break.
♪♪
Narrator:
the best-tasting pizzas
Are made in traditional
wood-fired pizza ovens.
They're constructed primarily
of natural clay bricks
That can withstand high
temperatures and retain heat.
If a chef prefers to not use
a wood-burning oven,
A more convenient gas version
is available, as well.
This italian company has been
handcrafting classic pizza ovens
Since 1892.
While the tile or paint options
change over time,
The construction of the oven
Itself has remained the same
for four generations.
It begins with the oven's
rounded top.
They lay clay bricks
On a dome form, working inward
from a steel edge.
These bricks are made in house.
They can withstand temperatures
of over 900 degrees fahrenheit.
That's fast enough to bake
a traditional neapolitan pizza
In just 60 seconds.
They combine sand,
Soil, concrete, clay
and water in a mixer.
They pour this mixture
Into a steel mold
for the base of the oven.
Once they fill the mold
to the top,
They place a circular template
in the exact center of the mold.
Then, they begin constructing
the oven's combustion chamber.
This is where the pizza
is baked.
The carefully place clay bricks
Along the template's
inner perimeter.
Then, they remove the template
and add more bricks.
They work from the outside in,
towards the center.
The oven floor
serves as the cooking surface.
It's comprised
of four pie-shape pieces
Made of the same heat-resistant
clay as the bricks.
Each piece is 2 inches thick.
They slide the floor
in temporarily
So they can correctly
position the bricks around it.
They remove the floor pieces
and begin mortaring the bricks.
Once complete, this oven
will weigh over 5,000 pounds.
The company
makes even larger models
That can weigh more than 3 tons.
They lay a second row of bricks
on top of the first.
Then, they fill the middle
with clay.
The team covers the clay
with soil.
They pack down the soil
As they go to create a hard,
stable surface.
Now, they can permanently
install the oven floor.
Next, they position
the oven's cast iron mouth.
They lay bricks in a circle
around the mouth
To form the wall
of the combustion chamber.
They lay most of the bricks
Vertically to fit in
as many as possible.
More bricks will provide better
insulation in the chamber.
The team pours water
on the top edge of the wall.
They remove the oven mouth
and apply the mortar.
Then, they lower the dome
onto the wall
To enclose
the combustion chamber.
A worker repositions the mouth
and mortars it in place.
He installs the over mouth,
A cast iron plate
bearing the manufacturer's name.
He levels it, then fills the gap
between the mouth and oven floor
With plaster.
They also use plaster
to create a smooth surface
On top of the mouth.
Now, the smoke will rise
through the hood
Toward the chimney instead of
being trapped in the oven.
They position steel side plates
and weld them to the over mouth.
Then, they wield
on a curved steel front plate.
Next, they construct
A funnel-shaped
stainless steel hood.
They fill the hood
with the same mixture
They used for the oven's base.
They cover the dome with wire
mesh to compact the mix.
Then, they apply a final coat
of the mixture.
A worker lays a cast iron plate
on the base,
Directly in front of the mouth.
He spreads a smooth finishing
layer of concrete
On both the dome and the base.
Then, they paint the steel
And cast iron parts
with anti-corrosion paint.
They install marble on the base
And apply paint or tile
to the dome.
They mount the oven steel door
last.
They fire up the oven for 9 days
to dry all the natural
Construction materials.
Then, this oven is complete.
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